Understanding biofouling and contaminant accretion on submerged marine structures

Abstract Fouling of maritime infrastructure is pervasive due to abundant biological and chemical activity within the oceanic environment. Marine biofilms their successional growths are prevalent issues in biofouling, but current industrial research-based analyses often do not provide a holistic view fouling biodiversity. Cathodic protection longstanding system safeguarding from corrosive marine environment, limited studies on interactions between growth cathodic have been conducted context fouling. This review identifies knowledge gaps understanding highlights approaches better direct development effective anti-fouling measures.